QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter
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- Create Date：2021-07-18 06:53:48
- Update Date：2025-09-06
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- Author：Richard P. Feynman
- ISBN：0691164096
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Summary
Celebrated for his brilliantly quirky insights into the physical world， Nobel laureate Richard Feynman also possessed an extraordinary talent for explaining difficult concepts to the general public。 Here Feynman provides a classic and definitive introduction to QED （namely， quantum electrodynamics）， that part of quantum field theory describing the interactions of light with charged particles。 Using everyday language， spatial concepts， visualizations， and his renowned "Feynman diagrams" instead of advanced mathematics， Feynman clearly and humorously communicates both the substance and spirit of QED to the layperson。 A。 Zee's introduction places Feynman's book and his seminal contribution to QED in historical context and further highlights Feynman's uniquely appealing and illuminating style。
Reviews
Jared Wong
，
QED is a series of 4 lectures that Feynman gave to try to explain how light and matter interact。 I read this as a curious layperson and I was thoroughly entertained。 It's funny that he chooses to use the very simple path integral approach to understanding how we could possibly account for all the strangeness of our observable world。 It's probably the only intuitive way to approach this topic。 I wish I had read this as a high school student， I might have gone down a completely different path。 I h QED is a series of 4 lectures that Feynman gave to try to explain how light and matter interact。 I read this as a curious layperson and I was thoroughly entertained。 It's funny that he chooses to use the very simple path integral approach to understanding how we could possibly account for all the strangeness of our observable world。 It's probably the only intuitive way to approach this topic。 I wish I had read this as a high school student， I might have gone down a completely different path。 I hope we make more progress on the quantum level， figuring out more particles， or fields， or theories of everything。 。。。more
Silvester Borsboom
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I loved this little book on quantum field theory。 Feynman truly deserves the title of Great Explainer。 It gave me new motivation for my studies on the fundamental structure of the universe。
Varun
，
Feynman's ingenious ways to teaching complex phenomena always amazes me！ A beautiful lecture series of one of the most impactful and crucial topics in Physics by one of its prominent contributors himself。 Would have given it a 5/5 if Feynman would have skipped the latter portions on quantum chromodynamics :p Feynman's ingenious ways to teaching complex phenomena always amazes me！ A beautiful lecture series of one of the most impactful and crucial topics in Physics by one of its prominent contributors himself。 Would have given it a 5/5 if Feynman would have skipped the latter portions on quantum chromodynamics :p 。。。more
Ramon van Dam
，
Very insightful， clear and interesting。 Feynman was quite the character and that comes through in this book， based on a 4-part lecture series he gave。 Not only does he explain quantum theory quite well， it's also pretty funny。I've seen his famous diagrams in several other books， but it's nice to have finally seen them from the source。 Not ashamed to say that the theory became quite difficult in the last part， this is a subject that I'll have to return to again and again for many years to come。 Very insightful， clear and interesting。 Feynman was quite the character and that comes through in this book， based on a 4-part lecture series he gave。 Not only does he explain quantum theory quite well， it's also pretty funny。I've seen his famous diagrams in several other books， but it's nice to have finally seen them from the source。 Not ashamed to say that the theory became quite difficult in the last part， this is a subject that I'll have to return to again and again for many years to come。 。。。more
Robert Knight
，
A short but fairly accessible explanation of the most low-level theory of how light and matter behave， transcribed from a series of four lectures given in 1983。 It avoids mathematical terminology， beyond that of early high-school maths， in favor of diagrams and visual analogies （eg。 using the idea of a clock to describe the phase of a wave）。 The part I found most enlightening was an explanation of how these behaviors relate to common phenomena such as reflection， refraction， lensing etc。 of ligh A short but fairly accessible explanation of the most low-level theory of how light and matter behave， transcribed from a series of four lectures given in 1983。 It avoids mathematical terminology， beyond that of early high-school maths， in favor of diagrams and visual analogies （eg。 using the idea of a clock to describe the phase of a wave）。 The part I found most enlightening was an explanation of how these behaviors relate to common phenomena such as reflection， refraction， lensing etc。 of light。 。。。more
Michael
，
A particle physicist told me this was one of his three favorite books。 Although Feynman famously observed that "nobody really understands quantum mechanics" he makes it worthwhile to work the puzzle。 He writes clearly about core matters， "exploding dynamite is a rearrangement of the electron patterns， while an exploding atom bomb is a rearrangement of the proton-neutron patterns。" And his passion for science and life rings loudly。 A particle physicist told me this was one of his three favorite books。 Although Feynman famously observed that "nobody really understands quantum mechanics" he makes it worthwhile to work the puzzle。 He writes clearly about core matters， "exploding dynamite is a rearrangement of the electron patterns， while an exploding atom bomb is a rearrangement of the proton-neutron patterns。" And his passion for science and life rings loudly。 。。。more
Don Gubler
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Understandable language and clear insight into one of the most exciting areas of physics。
Nader Saeed
，
"I have delighted in showing you that the price of gaining such an accurate theory has been the erosion of our common sense。 We must accept some very bizarre behavior: the amplification and suppression of probabilities， light reflecting from all parts of a mirror， light travelling in paths other than a straight line， photons going faster or slower than the conventional speed of light， electrons going backwards in time， photons suddenly disintegrating into a positron-electron pair， and so on。 Th "I have delighted in showing you that the price of gaining such an accurate theory has been the erosion of our common sense。 We must accept some very bizarre behavior: the amplification and suppression of probabilities， light reflecting from all parts of a mirror， light travelling in paths other than a straight line， photons going faster or slower than the conventional speed of light， electrons going backwards in time， photons suddenly disintegrating into a positron-electron pair， and so on。 That we must do， in order to appreciate what Nature is really doing underneath nearly all the phenomena we see in the world。" - Richard Feynman 。。。more
Vlad Kovsky
，
It's amazing what Feynman is attempting here。 He tries to fully explain quantum electrodynamics to people with no background in physics。 I am not sure he succeeds， I will have to check it by giving this book to someone who fears the subject。Even for people like myself， who have been trained in physics， these lectures are useful。 The way Feynman clearly communicates the concepts while not diving into mathematics is brilliant。 I think these lectures are must read material for aspiring physicists。 It's amazing what Feynman is attempting here。 He tries to fully explain quantum electrodynamics to people with no background in physics。 I am not sure he succeeds， I will have to check it by giving this book to someone who fears the subject。Even for people like myself， who have been trained in physics， these lectures are useful。 The way Feynman clearly communicates the concepts while not diving into mathematics is brilliant。 I think these lectures are must read material for aspiring physicists。 They show the big picture which is often buried in mathematical detail and remains inaccessible for many students。 。。。more
P D
，
My sister told me to read this， and when it comes to physics I don't argue with her （except when I'm trying to needle her。 This is my role as the older sibling and it's very funny）。At any rate， this is the compilation of four lectures covering a key concept in physics - er， light and matter， like it says。 I haven't done physics since college， and to be honest as interesting as I find quantum/particle physics I'm not invested enough to learn the math。 So if that describes you - you've come to the My sister told me to read this， and when it comes to physics I don't argue with her （except when I'm trying to needle her。 This is my role as the older sibling and it's very funny）。At any rate， this is the compilation of four lectures covering a key concept in physics - er， light and matter， like it says。 I haven't done physics since college， and to be honest as interesting as I find quantum/particle physics I'm not invested enough to learn the math。 So if that describes you - you've come to the right place， actually。While you can see the equations hiding behind the scenes of what he's saying， the actual descriptions are very conceptual and， with a little bit of brain-wrangling to accept how different quantum is from classical mechanics （yes I know what de Broglie waves are， and if you do， too you know the distinction is still valid）， it makes sense on that level。 Which is helpful because a lot of explanations of quantum theory that take out the math also end up removing the underpinnings that bring it together。 I did find it interesting that Feynman focuses on light as a particle rather than emphasizing particle-wave duality like so many of my classes （ok， 2-3） did。Also， that dang two slit experiment。 I read Crichton's TIMELINE as a kid and his whole "multiverse" interference sounds honestly more plausible than the real phenomenon sometimes， haha。Fundamentally， quantum theory *is* math: particles are described via probabilities and equations - but there are conceptual ways to at least understand some of the behavior。 。。。more
Nagan
，
The best teacher of physics。
Bao Xin Việc
，
Bằng TOEIC hay còn gọi chứng chỉ TOEIC IIG là chứng nhận tại trung tâm anh văn quốc tế IIG。 Đây là viết tắt của Test of English for International Communication – Bài kiểm tra tiếng Anh giao tiếp quốc tế。 Khi bạn đã hoàn thiện bài kiểm tra đánh giá trình độ tiếng Anh về khả năng giao tiếp， đọc nghe viết nói theo tiêu chuẩn quốc tế， bạn sẽ nhận được nó。Thành tích của bài thi TOEIC được sắp xếp theo thang điểm cụ thể được chia ra nhiều mức khác nhau。 Nhằm phản ánh mức độ thành thạo khi giao tiếp bằ Bằng TOEIC hay còn gọi chứng chỉ TOEIC IIG là chứng nhận tại trung tâm anh văn quốc tế IIG。 Đây là viết tắt của Test of English for International Communication – Bài kiểm tra tiếng Anh giao tiếp quốc tế。 Khi bạn đã hoàn thiện bài kiểm tra đánh giá trình độ tiếng Anh về khả năng giao tiếp， đọc nghe viết nói theo tiêu chuẩn quốc tế， bạn sẽ nhận được nó。Thành tích của bài thi TOEIC được sắp xếp theo thang điểm cụ thể được chia ra nhiều mức khác nhau。 Nhằm phản ánh mức độ thành thạo khi giao tiếp bằng tiếng Anh。 Các hoạt động như kinh doanh， thương mại， du lịch là những ngành đòi hỏi chứng chỉ TOEIC IIG。https://baoxinviec。com/lam-bang-toeic。。。 。。。more
Maria
，
nose pero hay algo de la forma que explica las cosas que con el goal de simplificarlo， me parece que lo simplifica demasiado， haciendolo mas dificil que si no lo hubiera simplificado tanto。 en plan todo lo que habla sobre los arrows y los squares puede ser dicho in terms of complex numbers， que creo hubiero sido mas intuitivo。pero a parte de eso， me gusto el final donde habla de todos los nuevos particles como los muons y los tipos de quarks y como estos solo son presnet en higher energies。 y la nose pero hay algo de la forma que explica las cosas que con el goal de simplificarlo， me parece que lo simplifica demasiado， haciendolo mas dificil que si no lo hubiera simplificado tanto。 en plan todo lo que habla sobre los arrows y los squares puede ser dicho in terms of complex numbers， que creo hubiero sido mas intuitivo。pero a parte de eso， me gusto el final donde habla de todos los nuevos particles como los muons y los tipos de quarks y como estos solo son presnet en higher energies。 y la otra cosa de como todos las ideas de electromagnetic radiation y weak electromagnatic forces fueron unified under qed。 y como es una de las teorias que ha sido mas succesful en practica con numeros accurately obtained en cuanto a la teoria y el experiemento para obtener number con 10 decimal places pro ejecple。tambien me parecio curioso que la luz en verdad a veces va mas rapido que el speed del light （en plan fotones individuales） pero a largas distancias se centra la velocidad en el conocio valor de 299。99。。。 habla del interference de waves， del wave particle duality y utiliza este metodo raro de los arrows para explicar como funcionan las aproximaciones de por ejemploel angle of incidence es igual al angle de reflection al normal o como funciona el diffraction bla bla bla 。。。more
Gregory Ashe
，
Okay， it’s been a while since I’ve read any science related books and even longer since I was in grad school。 And Feynman’s excellent discussion of QED was a bit of a challenge but well worth the effort to remind us of “how it all works”。
AKHIL TP4
，
It was thrilling to learn this beautiful theory from one of its major contributors！It's a lecture series given by the beloved Physicist Richard Feynman on Quantum Electrodynamics in 1983。 There are four lectures。 Feynman presents an honest and comprehensive description of one of the most successful theories in physics in the first three lectures。 In the last lecture， he explains the scope and limit of Quantum Electrodynamics and the progress in other areas of fundamental physics as of 1983。 And It was thrilling to learn this beautiful theory from one of its major contributors！It's a lecture series given by the beloved Physicist Richard Feynman on Quantum Electrodynamics in 1983。 There are four lectures。 Feynman presents an honest and comprehensive description of one of the most successful theories in physics in the first three lectures。 In the last lecture， he explains the scope and limit of Quantum Electrodynamics and the progress in other areas of fundamental physics as of 1983。 And it's filled with witty remarks！ 。。。more
Shahina
，
Who but Richard Feynman can set about to explain the spirit and character of quantum electrodynamics and get even a curious bystander to marvel at it！It is a little more than pocket sized， something you can easily slip inside a jacket and zip up。 The first time I began reading it was at an airport when I had almost a whole day before the connecting flight。 Although it proved to be a great companion as soon as I got back to the rush and the routine it lay forgotten。 Until I picked it up again， a Who but Richard Feynman can set about to explain the spirit and character of quantum electrodynamics and get even a curious bystander to marvel at it！It is a little more than pocket sized， something you can easily slip inside a jacket and zip up。 The first time I began reading it was at an airport when I had almost a whole day before the connecting flight。 Although it proved to be a great companion as soon as I got back to the rush and the routine it lay forgotten。 Until I picked it up again， a few days back， many years later。 The point is no matter when you pick this book up it is not late。 Instead of the usual jargon like inversely proportional， refraction index and such he hands you an imaginary stopwatch and draws arrows on paper to calculate the probability of an event happening （ light reflecting off glass/air/water）。It may end in chaos as it did for me but I guess that is expected （he warns you early on） what with the hundreds and hundreds of particles emerging， scientists showing deteriorating interest in Greek names and making up words like gluons and attributing “colors” and “flavors” to particles！ It still doesn't matter because this is most likely the most entertaining and illuminating thing a layperson can read about photons， electrons， and loose ends（of the QED theory）; and why no one knows why Nature does what She does and all physicists can do is calculate the probability of an event happening。 。。。more
Lev Reyzin
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This book gives a nice overview of quantum electrodynamics。 I came away from reading it feeling like I understand some of that theory， and this is a nice accomplishment for a book basically having no equations。On the other hand， this book is at points both too technical and not technical enough。 For example， when trying to explain how to "multiply arrows"， Feynman sets up an elaborate system of "successive transformations" instead of simply referring to this as the multiplication of two complex This book gives a nice overview of quantum electrodynamics。 I came away from reading it feeling like I understand some of that theory， and this is a nice accomplishment for a book basically having no equations。On the other hand， this book is at points both too technical and not technical enough。 For example， when trying to explain how to "multiply arrows"， Feynman sets up an elaborate system of "successive transformations" instead of simply referring to this as the multiplication of two complex numbers （In truth， I doubt that somehow who hasn't seen things like complex numbers can enjoy this book。）。 Similarly， when he gets to very technical explanations at the very end， I cannot help but think he's hiding some elegant mathematical formalism。I also wish he explained more deeply how this is related to quantum mechanics。 （The "spinning clocks" look suspiciously like wave amplitudes， etc。） Some of the ideas that he presents are things that I've seen in undergraduate quantum textbooks， but I don't know if they were influenced by his theories or not。 。。。more
Masha Maltseva
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четыре прекрасные адаптированные лекции по квантовой электродинамике от короля физической интуиции Фейнмана
Randa Khlaif
，
Here's a tip to readers who previously caught some bits and pieces about quantum theory: the real story begins at the third lecture， you're welcome！ Feynman， the big chatty genius， blows minds with his simplicity and down-to-earth attitude。 His sense of humour is captivating。 He gets to you with his narrative to the point where you start seeing his arrows of light flying all over your head everywhere you go！ And it was illuminating， how quantum electrodynamics could be broken down to the simples Here's a tip to readers who previously caught some bits and pieces about quantum theory: the real story begins at the third lecture， you're welcome！ Feynman， the big chatty genius， blows minds with his simplicity and down-to-earth attitude。 His sense of humour is captivating。 He gets to you with his narrative to the point where you start seeing his arrows of light flying all over your head everywhere you go！ And it was illuminating， how quantum electrodynamics could be broken down to the simplest concepts a layperson can understand。 The last couple of pages were the most enjoyable to me。 He leaves open-ended questions speculating the future of fundamental physics。We now have Higgs boson particles with a zero spin， many more particles keep popping up from that nucleus ， CERNA built that massive Hadron collider but physisits are still figuring how to reconcile quantum mechanics and relativity through string theory。 Most importantly， Mr， Feynman， you were so right about that 6th quark and yes it is a "t" 。 。。。more
Christin
，
Eigentlich hat mir das Buch ganz gut gefallen und würde diesem 4/5 ⭐️ geben。Allerdings muss man bedenken， dass das Buch für Laien sein solle。 Ich finde， das Buch ist eine tolle Ergänzung zum Physik-Studium （meine Physik-Professorin hat es empfohlen）， aber für Laien ist das Buch， meiner Meinung nach， überhaupt nicht optimal geschrieben。Meine Kritikpunkte:- zu viel simple Vektorrechnung， die man aber besser ein Mal kurz mathematisch （auf leichtem Niveau） einführen und dann aber auch abhaken sollte Eigentlich hat mir das Buch ganz gut gefallen und würde diesem 4/5 ⭐️ geben。Allerdings muss man bedenken， dass das Buch für Laien sein solle。 Ich finde， das Buch ist eine tolle Ergänzung zum Physik-Studium （meine Physik-Professorin hat es empfohlen）， aber für Laien ist das Buch， meiner Meinung nach， überhaupt nicht optimal geschrieben。Meine Kritikpunkte:- zu viel simple Vektorrechnung， die man aber besser ein Mal kurz mathematisch （auf leichtem Niveau） einführen und dann aber auch abhaken sollte。 Vor allem die Mathematik würde es in dem Fall sogar vereinfachen。 （So blöd sind die Leute nun auch nicht。。。）- an wirklich interessanten Stellen wurde auf die Fachsprache verzichtet。 Tatsächlich wäre es aber auch für das Verständnis besser， wenn man mal kurz （z。B。） von Superposition beim Doppelspaltexperiment （Was ohnehin unzureichend für Laien erklärt wurde。 - Das hätte man für Neuankömmlinge in der Physik viel besser beschreiben können。） sprechen würde - Abbildungen， die zu dem Geschriebenen gehören， wurden viel zu oft erst auf ein bis zwei Seiten weiter gezeigt， wo es aber schon mit einem anderen Sachverhalt losging。 - Die Struktur ist dadurch sehr schlecht。 。。。more
Yeroslavas Rudzinskas
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Just fabulous
Matt Kelland
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My brain blew up， and I gave up at the start of lecture 3。 In Feynman's words:"Some of you haven't heard the first two lectures， and will find this one incomprehensible。 Those of you who have heard the other two lectures will also find this lecture incomprehensible， but you know that that's all right: as I explained in the first lecture， the way we have to describe Nature is generally incomprehensible to us。"So I sort of feel stupid now， but on the other hand， I sort of don't。 My brain blew up， and I gave up at the start of lecture 3。 In Feynman's words:"Some of you haven't heard the first two lectures， and will find this one incomprehensible。 Those of you who have heard the other two lectures will also find this lecture incomprehensible， but you know that that's all right: as I explained in the first lecture， the way we have to describe Nature is generally incomprehensible to us。"So I sort of feel stupid now， but on the other hand， I sort of don't。 。。。more
Ishan Upadhye
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This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers。 To view it， click here。 This book is very amazing， I got much more idea of what physicists strive to make accurate calculations for years and years and also got a beautiful picture of Quantum Electrodynamics， this book has 4 lectures which Feynman gave at UCLA back in 1983 which was originally made for Feynman's good friend's wife， Alix。First two lectures of this book are quite spoonfeeding。 The third lecture is quite hard as compared to 1st two but perseverance will make you through third lecture but the real mess sta This book is very amazing， I got much more idea of what physicists strive to make accurate calculations for years and years and also got a beautiful picture of Quantum Electrodynamics， this book has 4 lectures which Feynman gave at UCLA back in 1983 which was originally made for Feynman's good friend's wife， Alix。First two lectures of this book are quite spoonfeeding。 The third lecture is quite hard as compared to 1st two but perseverance will make you through third lecture but the real mess starts with 4th lecture in which he introduces many more fundamental particles and Quantum Chromo dynamics！ At the end of the 4th lecture the mess went so high that Feynman have to apologize for that :p。 Anyway amazing book。 ❤ 。。。more
Peter Grant
，
I had high expectations of this book given Richard Feynman's reputation as a genius communicator。 All started well， he had a style that got to the point very effectively and led you through the problems of light reflecting all the way to how quantum electrodynamics explains how lenses work。 There were some issues on the way that， as with many popular science books， you just had to accept - like why are the arrows he uses to analyse situations the square root of the probablity of an event （confus I had high expectations of this book given Richard Feynman's reputation as a genius communicator。 All started well， he had a style that got to the point very effectively and led you through the problems of light reflecting all the way to how quantum electrodynamics explains how lenses work。 There were some issues on the way that， as with many popular science books， you just had to accept - like why are the arrows he uses to analyse situations the square root of the probablity of an event （confusingly called the amplitude） and not just the probability？ Anyway， the book went on to electrons and things got a little trickier， the book became so dense with information that not taking in certain bits meant subsequent passages became much harder to grasp。 Finally we reached nuclear physics， which， to be fair， he said was a mess and that's how it came across。 But， because this was a short book， it seemed worth the effort just to reread it and， lo and behold， so much more made sense， it really was extraordinary and it suddenly became apparent what he was driving out。 I would still struggle to explain QED to anyone but I do feel it gave me insights into the subject that I had missed in other books on the subject。 So yes， QED， so good I read it twice。 。。。more
Ruben Hekkens
，
Not sure if it's fair to give this book a low rating just because I didn't get it :） It starts easy and the diagrams really help。 However， after chapter two when the path integrals （"sum of all arrows"） are introduced it gets complex really quickly。 I could not muster the courage to start reading pages twice as the foreword suggests。 Not sure if it's fair to give this book a low rating just because I didn't get it :） It starts easy and the diagrams really help。 However， after chapter two when the path integrals （"sum of all arrows"） are introduced it gets complex really quickly。 I could not muster the courage to start reading pages twice as the foreword suggests。 。。。more
Shiyue
，
Fun and clear and really was my motivation to get up out of my bed just to read 30 mins of QED everyday to understand a bit more on how to draw electron-photon-carrying-arrows。
Marco Arcangeli
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Tratto da una serie di quattro conferenze tenute in Nuova Zelanda， Richard Feynman， premio Nobel per la fisica del 1965， spiega le contro intuitive leggi della meccanica quantistica della luce e della materia， anche detta elettrodinamica quantistica （o QED）， più specificatamente le interazioni tra fotoni ed elettroni。 Nonostante la difficoltà della materia trattata， i vari ragionamenti dell'autore si riescono a seguire senza troppa fatica， grazie a vari esempi， a diagrammi esplicativi e ad un'es Tratto da una serie di quattro conferenze tenute in Nuova Zelanda， Richard Feynman， premio Nobel per la fisica del 1965， spiega le contro intuitive leggi della meccanica quantistica della luce e della materia， anche detta elettrodinamica quantistica （o QED）， più specificatamente le interazioni tra fotoni ed elettroni。 Nonostante la difficoltà della materia trattata， i vari ragionamenti dell'autore si riescono a seguire senza troppa fatica， grazie a vari esempi， a diagrammi esplicativi e ad un'esposizione unica nel suo genere， solo come Feynman sapeva fare。 Nella prima parte si parla della luce e in particolar modo della riflessione， mentre nella seconda parte si trattano gli elettroni e come questi interagiscono con i fotoni， entrando nel cuore della QED。 In questa parte è inoltre esposta anche la spiegazione dei famosi "diagrammi di Feynman" che descrivono， in modo grafico e schematico， queste interazioni。 。。。more
Rick
，
Feynman brings the reader throughout the one of the simplest phenomenon in nature we experience everyday: light。Apparently it seems to be an easy and straight-minded concept that lights walks a single path， but the author "enlightens" about the strange behaviour of light， which runs over every possible path before reaching its final destination。In the language of QED then， the behaviour of light （and then of all other interaction between particles which involves photons， the "little bricks" of l Feynman brings the reader throughout the one of the simplest phenomenon in nature we experience everyday: light。Apparently it seems to be an easy and straight-minded concept that lights walks a single path， but the author "enlightens" about the strange behaviour of light， which runs over every possible path before reaching its final destination。In the language of QED then， the behaviour of light （and then of all other interaction between particles which involves photons， the "little bricks" of light） can be explained in terms of probability， as Quantum Physics is all based on。To sum up， the inner structure of Nature can be only investigated with probability， we are not able to have more accuracy。However this theory， even if at first glance seem to be of scarce interest， is capable of give the explanation to every phenomen of particle physics （except for gravity， gravity is the next generation of scientists' deal ahah）I recommend the book to everyone interested in discovering the unrevealed processes which the QED is based on， which is actually one of the most powerful theory of physics we've grasped nowadays。And it works pretty efficiently， since we have developed a vast slice of our technology upon it。 。。。more
Camilla Rux
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What a trip
Siddharth
，